National Action Plan for Mozambique

Geographic focus

1. Bazaruto Archipelago
2. Maputo-Machangulo complex
3. Mtwara-Quirimbas complex (Tanzania - Mozambique cross border site)
4. Zambezi River Delta
5. Inhambane Bay

Bazaruto Archipelago

Objectives 1: To promote alternative livelihoods for subsistence fishers.

Actions:

1. Education: Basic and vocational.
2. Alternative-tourism and research.
3. Improved fishing practices-drawing on traditional fishing practices (Mapalo-trade control).
4. Promote social infrastructure.

Objectives 2: To improve management of industrial fishing

Actions:

1. Increase resources for law enforcement (staff, boats, communication).
2. Reinforce central coordination unit national level.
3. Refine system of issuing licenses (number of licenses, fishing areas permitted).
4. Establish site to control illegal fishing practices.

Objectives 3: Strengthen tourism management system through implementation of tourism management plan.

Actions:

1. Increase Personnel & training

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to description of Bazaruto Archipelago

Maputo-Machangulo Complex

Objectives 1: Promote sustainable fishing and improve fish stocks

Actions:

Overfishing

1. Identification and promotion of alternative actions of subsistence
2. Promote aquaculture, promote import, improve fish quality (better conservation, transport, and commercialization)
3. Design and implementation of an integrated managing programme for the fishery

Bad fishing practices

1. Promote availability of appropriate gear for fishing communities
2. Promote credit subsidies for fishermen
3. Promote awareness campaigns and research studies

Impacts on marine mammals and turtles

1. Promote availability of appropriate gear for fishing communities
2. Promote credit subsidies for fishermen
3. Promote awareness campaigns and research studies

Lack of ownership

1. Promote co-management, community based management for sustainable use of the fishery resources.

Objectives 2: Mangrove area stabilized, maintained and providing ecological and socio-economic benefits for communities

Actions:

Building materials and Firewood

1. Mangrove replanting
2. Planting trees for firewood
3. Integrated development plans ensuring equitable economic development
4. Promote and increase law enforcement
5. Design and implement an integrated management programme
6. Community based management of mangroves
7. Livelihood assessment improvement
8. Promotion of alternative fuel sources
9. Develop a Mangroove National strategy

 Urban Development and Salt Ponds

1. Design and implement an urban development plan
2. Awareness and education for developers and decision makers on the social economic and ecological values of mangroves

Poverty

1. Identify, promote a mangrove source of income (eco-tourism)
2. Establish trust funds
3. Promote and establish the Mozambique Mangrove Working Group

Objectives 3: To prevent Dam/River run-off modification.

Actions:

Artificial flows, production of energy

1. Maintenance of ecolical flow (regional cooperation, agreements of the SADC countries)
2. Research on inflow requirements of downstream ecosystems
3. Integrated management of river basin/catchments
4. Awareness and education

 Obstruction of stream flow (irrigation, industrial and urban demand)

1. Maintenance of ecolical flow (regional cooperation, agreements of the SADC countries)
2. Research on inflow requirements of downstream ecosystems
3. Integrated management of river basin/catchments
4. Awareness and education

 Objectives 4: Tourism development master plan and guidelines designed and initiated

 Actions:

Construction and housing

1. Zoning schemes
2. Increase law enforcement
3. Integrated management
4. Promote, implement Strategic Environmental Assessment

Bad tourism practices (behavior)

1. Law enforcement
2. Awareness and education

Curio Trade

1. Promote a Legislation and law enforcement
2. Alternative livelihoods

Objectives 5: Coastal dunes stabilized and dune health positive indicators shown

Actions:

Sand Mining

1. Design and implement an Integrated development plan
2. Develop ecotourism program

Deforestation (Cutting, slash and burn)

1. Promote alternatives (e.g. eco-tourism)
2. Replanting of fast growing species
3. Honey production
4. Awareness and education

Construction / housing / development

1. Zoning scheme, introduce guidelines and technologies for construction.
2. Increase law enforcement
3. Integrated management
4. Promote, implement Strategic Environmental Assessment
5. Bad tourism behavior/practice
6. Awareness and education

Objectives 6: Reduced mortality of endangered species

Actions:

Marine Turtles

1. Implementation of WIO MarineTurtle Strategy
2. Strengthening and facilitate the Moz. Working Group
3. Promote the use of TED's and BRD's (research)
4. Identification and protection of nesting areas
5. Awareness campaigns
6. Law enforcement

Dolphins, Whales and Sharks

1. Regulate the "dolphin encounters" swim with dolphin activity
2. Promote diving codes of conduct
3. Regulate fishing techniques
4. Improve research on ecology and population assessment
5. Identify key conservation areas
6. Develop ecotourism projects.

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to Maputo - Machangulo description

Mtwara-Quirimbas complex (Tanzania - Mozambique cross border site)

Objectives 1: Provide a mechanism to mitigate the impacts of climate change on corals, mangroves and seagrasses

Actions:

1. Establishment and maintenance of sanctuaries ("no take areas") within the Quirimbas priority area that entail the whole range of niches and habitats.
2. Promoting studies on mangrove/coral/seagrass that are resilient to climate change.
3. Continued long-term ecosystem monitoring programmes established.
4. Collaboration / awareness and capacity building (cross cutting)

Objectives 2: Ensure sustainable inshore fisheries

Actions:

1. Assess the status destructive fishing gear use at Quirimbas
2. Promote better fishing methods through incentives, loans
3. Initiate co-management that encourage sustainable resource use
4. Promote alternative livelihoods to reduce fishing pressure

Objectives 3: Promote alternative livelihoods and opportunities to contribute in poverty alleviation within local communities

Actions:

1. Initiate discussion on development of a trust fund for Quirimbas conservation
2. Promote aquaculture, eco-tourism as alternative livelihoods
3. Collaborate with other development programs, NGO's and private sector for the socio-economic development of local communities
4. Micro-credits schemes established

Objectives 4: Promote sustainable tourism development for Quirimbas Archipelago

Actions:

1. Development of Quirimbas Tourism development masterplan
2. Discuss and establish guidelines for tourism development
3. Promotion the conservation of cultural heritage while promoting tourism
4. Provision of sustainable financing mechanism for Quirimbas conservation
5. Establish mechanism for conservation programs supported through tourism levies and taxes

Objectives 5: Promote conservation of endangered species

Actions:

1. Identify and protect turtle nesting areas
2. Establish sanctuaries
3. Promote enforcement and management capacities by local authorities
4. Development of dugong conservation action plan for Quirimbas
5. Facilitation of implementation of elements of EAME Marine Turtle conservation plan at Quirimbas

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to description of Mtwara-Quirimbas

Zambezi Delta System

Objectives 1: To promote integrated management for the river system

Actions:

1. Establishment of river management commissions at different levels - local, national, international with representation from different agencies, stakeholders, groups
2. Research to establish required ecological flows
3. Implement integrated river management system

Objectives 2: Develop alternative energy and material sources

Actions:

1. Plant fast growing trees
2. Mangrove replanting

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Inhambane Bay

Objectives 1: Promote sustainable management of fishing activities in Inhambane Bay, Identify and promote sustainable livelihood alternatives for fisheries in Inhambane Bay

Actions:

1. Draft an integrated, sustainable development plan (to ensure effective use of natural resources e.g. Pollution, fisheries, erosion, underdevelopment, mangroves, etc);
2. Develop interim measures to address crises issues (dugongs, fisheries, turtles);
3. Dugong
• Biological and Social Surveys: determine population
• Size, location, assess viability catches, management
• Measures;
• Put in place processes to stop the use of gill nets and palisade fish tags
• Including development of alternative methods;
4. Fisheries
• Enforce licenses for fishing;
• Move towards a change in mesh size and fishing gear;

5. Pilot co-management;

• Erosion

6. Water detention measures (low cost)

7. Develop awareness campaigns to support sustainable use activities

8. Research for areas needing for developing IDP - Integrated Development Plan.

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Enabling Environment objectives for Mozambique

Objectives 1: Promote and support building of capacity, policy and legal frameworks

Actions:

1. Promote the concept of sustainable development through integrated planning by:

• Participating in working groups eg inter-institutional technical committee for ICZM, Marine Turtle Working Group, Marine Species Use Group (Fisheries) etc
• Lobbying, providing information and analysis
• Publicising results of pilot demonstration projects, trials by partner organizations and best practice (international / ecoregional)

Objectives 2: Promote the development of market mechanisms to support sustainable use of coastal natural resources

Actions:

1. Develop a certification system with all stakeholders and get it adopted by relevant authorities
2. Develop and propose guidelines for implementation of certification system/s
3. Support pilot projects with the private sector at local level to promote origin-certified products
4. Disseminate lessons learnt and use them to promote further projects in other areas
5. Lobby for adoption of certification systems into policies and legislation.
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